What causes the surface color of an evolved star to shift toward the red end of the spectrum?

Answer

The rapid expansion of the outer atmosphere causes it to cool down significantly.

As the outer layers expand rapidly, they cool down. Wien's Displacement Law states that cooler objects peak emission at longer wavelengths, which we perceive as red.

What causes the surface color of an evolved star to shift toward the red end of the spectrum?
astronomystarsstellar evolutionred giantsLuminositymain sequence stars