Which event caused the universe to become transparent and released the photons detected today as the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)?
Answer
Recombination and Photon Decoupling.
Around 370,000 years post-Big Bang, as the universe cooled to about 4000 K, nuclei captured electrons to form neutral atoms (Recombination). This allowed photons to travel freely without scattering off free charges, making the universe transparent and releasing the CMB radiation.
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