What is the necessary role of a moderator material, such as purified light water or graphite, in sustaining a chain reaction?

Answer

To slow fast neutrons down to thermal energies

Fast neutrons released during fission are less likely to cause subsequent fissions in U-235; a moderator slows these neutrons down to thermal energies, increasing the probability that they will be captured by another U-235 nucleus.

What is the necessary role of a moderator material, such as purified light water or graphite, in sustaining a chain reaction?

#Videos

Nuclear fission | Physics | Khan Academy - YouTube

Atomenergyreactionnuclearfission