How does electronegativity differ fundamentally from electron affinity or ionization energy?

Answer

Electronegativity describes the pull exerted on electrons already involved in a bond.

Electronegativity specifically describes the pull on shared valence electrons within a bond, whereas electron affinity and ionization energy measure energy changes upon adding or removing an electron from a neutral atom, respectively.

How does electronegativity differ fundamentally from electron affinity or ionization energy?

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Bond Polarity, Electronegativity and Dipole Moment - YouTube

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