How does sampling bias differ fundamentally from random error?

Answer

Bias is a consistent, directional error, whereas random error results from pure chance fluctuations.

Sampling bias consistently pushes results in one direction, systematically overestimating or underestimating values. Random error, conversely, is attributed to chance fluctuations within the sample.

How does sampling bias differ fundamentally from random error?

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How Does Sampling Bias Affect Research? - The Friendly Statistician

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