Despite local energy sources, why is long-term subsurface life ultimately chemically dependent on past stellar activity?

Answer

The essential heavy elements required for DNA and proteins must be synthesized by stars.

Even subsurface biospheres rely on elements like phosphorus, sulfur, and iron, which must have been synthesized within massive stars and scattered across space long ago.

Despite local energy sources, why is long-term subsurface life ultimately chemically dependent on past stellar activity?

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