biology articles
How do symbiotic relationships evolve?
The close, long-term association between two distinct species, known broadly as symbiosis, is one of nature's most fasci...
What limits human lifespan biologically?
The relentless march of medical progress has seen average life expectancy climb dramatically over the last century, lead...
How do vaccines create long-term immunity?
The ability of a vaccine to provide protection that lasts for years, sometimes a lifetime, hinges on its power to teach ...
How does the immune system distinguish self from non-self?
The entire function of the immune system hinges on an extraordinary feat of molecular recognition: separating the body’s...