What physical parameter reflects the variation in the expansion rate over cosmic time?

Answer

The Hubble parameter $H(t)$.

If the expansion rate changes over time (speeding up or slowing down), this variation is reflected in the evolution of the Hubble parameter, denoted as $H(t)$.

What physical parameter reflects the variation in the expansion rate over cosmic time?
astronomyuniversecosmologyexpansionHubble constant