When water moving rapidly through topsoil encounters a hardpan layer, what behavior does the water exhibit?

Answer

Water stops moving vertically and begins to move laterally

A hardpan layer acts as a nearly impermeable barrier. Water that has rapidly moved through the topsoil hits this obstruction, stops vertical movement, and begins to move sideways until it finds an alternative path.

When water moving rapidly through topsoil encounters a hardpan layer, what behavior does the water exhibit?

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