What is necessary to sustain the luminous existence of a massive body against gravity for billions of years?

Answer

The colossal energy density provided by nuclear fusion

While gravitational contraction provides only temporary luminosity, the sustained outward pressure required to counteract gravity over cosmological timescales for what is commonly called a star demands the immense and long-lasting energy density derived from nuclear fusion.

What is necessary to sustain the luminous existence of a massive body against gravity for billions of years?
physicsastronomyenergynuclear fusionstar