What critical advantage do orbiting telescopes, like the Hubble Space Telescope, possess over ground-based instruments?

Answer

They escape the distortion and absorption caused by Earth's atmosphere.

Placing instruments above the atmosphere allows them to capture light across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, including wavelengths like ultraviolet and infrared, which are absorbed or distorted by the air envelope.

What critical advantage do orbiting telescopes, like the Hubble Space Telescope, possess over ground-based instruments?

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