What concept describes the difficulty cameras have capturing both the bright white of a spacesuit and the faint background stars?

Answer

Dynamic range

The challenge faced by cameras in capturing extreme differences in brightness between illuminated objects and the dark background is fundamentally a problem of dynamic range, which the human visual system handles more flexibly.

What concept describes the difficulty cameras have capturing both the bright white of a spacesuit and the faint background stars?
Spaceskyastronautsvacuumlight scattering