What causes the visible color shift to red during the Red Giant phase?

Answer

The vast increase in surface area spreads the energy out, causing the surface temperature to drop

Although the total luminosity may increase, the energy output is spread over a surface area thousands of times larger, leading to a surface temperature drop and a subsequent shift toward cooler, redder colors.

What causes the visible color shift to red during the Red Giant phase?
starstellar evolutionexpansionhydrogen fusionhelium fusion