What causes the appearance of dark filaments or 'shadows' within the bright gas of a nebula?

Answer

Thicker, cooler clumps of dust that are opaque and block the light from the gas behind them.

Dark filaments or shadows are caused by thicker, cooler clumps of dust within the nebula that are opaque and block the light emitted by the energized gas situated behind them.

What causes the appearance of dark filaments or 'shadows' within the bright gas of a nebula?

#Videos

Why Are Emission Nebulae Different Colors? - Physics Frontier

What Makes Emission Nebulae Glow In Distinct Colors? - YouTube

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