How does the blackness seen at night on Earth differ fundamentally from the blackness encountered in space?

Answer

Earth's night blackness is localized because the Sun illuminates the other side of the Earth.

The darkness of the night sky on Earth is temporary and localized because the Sun is shining on the opposite side of the planet, leaving the overhead atmosphere unilluminated locally.

How does the blackness seen at night on Earth differ fundamentally from the blackness encountered in space?

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