Why does the base of a very thick cloud often appear dark grey or black to an observer below?

Answer

Light is scattered back out the top or absorbed into the deep interior before reaching the base observer.

In thick clouds, light entering the top is scattered multiple times, meaning much of it is reflected back upward or absorbed deep inside before it can reach and illuminate the base observer sufficiently.

Why does the base of a very thick cloud often appear dark grey or black to an observer below?
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