What usually triggers the initial instability in a cloud that might otherwise be stable overall?

Answer

Localized cooling or density fluctuations.

Collapse is often initiated when a specific, localized region crosses its critical Jeans Mass threshold, which frequently happens due to localized cooling or small increases in density, even if the bulk of the cloud remains stable.

What usually triggers the initial instability in a cloud that might otherwise be stable overall?
physicsweatheratmospherecloudmeteorology