What specific component of reproduction is directly threatened by space radiation exposure?

Answer

DNA integrity from gamete survival to embryonic development

Radiation exposure outside Earth's protection is detrimental to germ cells (sperm and eggs) and can lead to genetic mutations that compromise DNA integrity, potentially causing developmental failure or lethal damage in the resulting zygote.

What specific component of reproduction is directly threatened by space radiation exposure?
reproductionbiologyMarshumanspace travel