The discovery that Jupiter possessed satellites provided direct, observable proof against which long-held cosmological model?

Answer

Aristotelian and Ptolemaic models

The implication of observing moons orbiting Jupiter was profound because it directly contradicted the long-held Aristotelian and Ptolemaic models which foundationalized the geocentric universe.

The discovery that Jupiter possessed satellites provided direct, observable proof against which long-held cosmological model?
discoveryGalileotelescopeJupiterMoon