What scenario exemplifies a Process Failure due to Instrument Malfunction creating a systematically biased group of data points?

Answer

A spectrophotometer not being zeroed correctly, causing all subsequent results to shift consistently.

If an instrument is improperly calibrated or not reset before use, it produces readings that are all consistently offset from the true value, creating a systemic bias rather than a random deviation.

What scenario exemplifies a Process Failure due to Instrument Malfunction creating a systematically biased group of data points?
measurementcausedatastatisticoutlier