What proved to be the most lethal long-term threat to the established dinosaurs after the impact?
Answer
An impact winter caused by stratospheric dust, soot, and aerosols blocking the sun
The long-term consequence that proved fatal to many species, including the large dinosaurs, was the injection of dust and aerosols into the stratosphere, which blocked sunlight for months or years, halting photosynthesis and causing global temperatures to drop.

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