What orbital irregularity does the standard Newtonian framework struggle to model accurately without adding *ad hoc* terms?

Answer

The precession of the Moon's orbit (drift of perigee and apogee).

While Newtonian theory describes the average elliptical path, it struggles to account for the observed precession—the slow drift of the perigee (closest point) and apogee (farthest point)—requiring extra terms to be added to the equations.

What orbital irregularity does the standard Newtonian framework struggle to model accurately without adding *ad hoc* terms?
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