How are black holes, which do not emit light directly, typically inferred observationally?
Answer
By observing the behavior of nearby gas or companion stars, or by detecting gravitational waves generated by their orbits.
Black holes are inferred by observing the behavior of nearby gas or companion stars, or by detecting the gravitational waves produced by their orbital mechanics, as they do not emit light themselves.

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Astronomers Uncover First Triple Black Hole, Evidence of Gentle ...
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