Why is the operational speed of some turbines deliberately set below the TSR that yields the absolute maximum $C_p$?
Answer
To reduce noise pollution and mechanical wear on blade tips
A design compromise often involves accepting a slight reduction in $C_p$ (e.g., 2%) to significantly decrease acoustic emissions and mechanical stress, thereby improving public acceptance and lifespan.
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The Betz Limit: Why All Wind Turbines are Less Than 59.24% Efficient
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