efficiency articles
How is the thermal efficiency ($ ext{eta}$) of a heat engine calculated based on energy inputs and outputs?
What fundamental requirement dictates that the efficiency of any real heat engine must always be less than 100%?
What factors exclusively determine the Carnot efficiency, according to the derived formula?
In what temperature scale must $T_H$ and $T_C$ be expressed to correctly calculate Carnot efficiency?
What is the fundamental thermodynamic requirement for extracting work from a heat engine?
Which principle serves as the theoretical foundation proving that no heat engine can be more efficient than a reversible engine operating between the same two temperatures?
Which of the following represents an irreversible process causing real engines to fall short of the Carnot limit?
Besides thermodynamic limits, what practical constraint governs the achievable operating temperature ($T_H$) in modern engines?
How does the Second Law of Thermodynamics differentiate itself from the First Law regarding energy?
If Plant A has $T_H = 900 ext{ K}$ and Plant B has $T_H = 1200 ext{ K}$ (both rejecting at $T_C = 300 ext{ K}$), what does this illustrate about efficiency gains?
What is the theoretical upper bound for energy capture by any wind turbine, known as the Betz Limit?
What causes the fundamental restriction defined by the Betz Limit?
How is the power available in the wind mathematically related to the wind speed (v)?
What metric quantifies the relationship between the speed of the blade tip and the incoming wind speed?
Which aerodynamic issue involves air detaching from the blade surface, causing significant drag and a sharp drop in $C_p$?
What is the typical range for the peak Power Coefficient ($C_p$) achieved by modern, highly efficient wind turbines?
In turbines with gearboxes, what is the primary source of energy loss in the drivetrain section?
What efficiency measure encompasses all limitations—Betz, aerodynamic, mechanical, and resource availability—over an entire year?
How do turbine control systems manage wind speeds exceeding the rated speed?
What significant efficiency reduction is imposed on downwind turbines within a wind farm due to upstream machines?
Why is the operational speed of some turbines deliberately set below the TSR that yields the absolute maximum $C_p$?
What does Big O notation focus exclusively on?
Which growth category signifies that execution time is independent of the input size N?
How does the execution time increase in a logarithmic time complexity, $O(\log N)$?
Which operation typically corresponds to linear time complexity, $O(N)$?
When simplifying an expression like $5N^2 + 100N + 50$ to Big O notation, what aspects are discarded?
What common programming structure often results in quadratic time complexity, $O(N^2)$?
What primarily dictates the asymptotic scaling measured by Big O notation?
Which type of highly optimized algorithm commonly exhibits quasilinear performance?
Under what scenario might an algorithm's observed runtime paradoxically appear to decrease as input size N increases?