In Robert Paine's experiment, what happened when the ochre starfish (*Pisaster ochraceus*) was removed?

Answer

The California mussel population exploded, crowding out other species.

Removal of the starfish allowed its primary prey, the California mussel (a dominant space competitor), to multiply excessively, causing the number of rock-clinging species to dwindle significantly within three years.

In Robert Paine's experiment, what happened when the ochre starfish (*Pisaster ochraceus*) was removed?
speciesEcologyRolekeystone species