When diagnosing local network bottlenecks, why might a TCP connection typically reveal lower throughput than a UDP connection?

Answer

TCP requires acknowledgments, making it sensitive to latency and retransmission overhead.

TCP connections mandate acknowledgement packets; therefore, any latency or loss forces the sender to wait, masking the raw pipe speed, whereas UDP skips acknowledgments.

When diagnosing local network bottlenecks, why might a TCP connection typically reveal lower throughput than a UDP connection?
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