What mathematical concept is used to transform a raw data point ($X$) into a standard unit of distance from the mean?

Answer

Z-score

The Z-score is the mechanism used for standardization, calculated as $Z = (X - \mu) / \sigma$. It expresses the raw data point as how many standard deviations it is away from the mean.

What mathematical concept is used to transform a raw data point ($X$) into a standard unit of distance from the mean?

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