What characterizes the action of density-independent limiting factors?

Answer

They strike regardless of how crowded the area is.

Density-independent factors impose limits based on chance or physical constraints, such as a wildfire or severe frost, that affect the population size irrespective of the current density.

What characterizes the action of density-independent limiting factors?

#Videos

Limits to Growth - YouTube

naturepopulationEcologylimitfactor