What is the persistent, harder-to-solve engineering challenge in managing radiation exposure during long-duration space missions?

Answer

The chronic, low-dose exposure resulting from GCRs.

While acute threats like massive solar events can be managed with temporary shelters, the sustained, low-dose exposure from GCRs represents the continuous engineering problem that slowly erodes biological integrity over time.

What is the persistent, harder-to-solve engineering challenge in managing radiation exposure during long-duration space missions?
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