Which specific component of an object's velocity does the Doppler effect measurement reveal?
Answer
The radial component (motion along the line of sight)
The Doppler shift only reveals the radial component of velocity, which is the speed directed exactly along the line connecting the source and the receiver. If motion is perfectly transverse (perpendicular to the line of sight), the Doppler shift is zero.
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Doppler Effect - How Motion Changes Sound Frequency - YouTube
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