What evidence suggests the complex camera eye evolved independently in vertebrates and cephalopods?

Answer

The proteins and regulatory genes used for structure building are different, and developmental pathways vary.

Biologists found that the genetic machinery is distinct; for instance, in vertebrates, the lens develops from surface ectoderm, but in cephalopods, it develops from the epidermis over the optic stalk, confirming independent evolution despite the similar result.

What evidence suggests the complex camera eye evolved independently in vertebrates and cephalopods?
biologyevolutionselectionconvergencetrait