What celestial map is compared to the modern distribution of galaxies to measure how much structure has grown over cosmic time?
Answer
The structure imprinted on the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
By comparing the structure seen in the distribution of galaxies today with the structure imprinted on the CMB (which represents initial conditions), astronomers measure precisely how much structure has grown over the last 13.8 billion years.
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Understanding Large-Scale Structures in the Universe - YouTube
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