Which type of uncertainty causes measurements to consistently shift in one direction away from the true value?

Answer

Systematic uncertainty

Systematic uncertainty, or systematic error, is characterized by a consistent bias, meaning the results are always shifted in the same direction away from what is true, often caused by issues like an improperly zeroed balance.

Which type of uncertainty causes measurements to consistently shift in one direction away from the true value?
measurementmethodexperimentuncertaintyerror