The species portfolio effect draws an analogy from which field to suggest why diverse responses stabilize ecological function over time?

Answer

Finance

The species portfolio effect borrows directly from finance, suggesting that when species population fluctuations are not perfectly synchronized, the overall functional output becomes much more stable, similar to a diverse investment portfolio.

The species portfolio effect draws an analogy from which field to suggest why diverse responses stabilize ecological function over time?
EcologyEcosystemResiliencebiodiversity