initiation articles
What critical feature distinguishes apoptosis from necrosis?
What molecules initiate the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis?
What event signals the point of no return in the intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathway?
Which large structure is formed when released Cytochrome c binds to Apaf-1 and dATP?
What complex is assembled upon ligand binding in the extrinsic pathway?
How do executioner caspases directly cause DNA fragmentation during apoptosis?
Which members of the Bcl-2 family function as pro-apoptotic effectors forming pores in the mitochondrial membrane?
Which condition is listed as a key internal stressor activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway?
How does the extrinsic pathway amplify its signal through the intrinsic pathway?
What consequence is associated with the inappropriate dominance of anti-apoptotic signals like Bcl-2 overexpression?
Which characteristic distinguishes the fusion of iron in a star's core compared to lighter elements?
What mechanism initially provides resistance against gravitational compression in a massive star before core collapse?
What process is responsible for forcing electrons into atomic nuclei during the immediate onset of collapse?
During the rapid collapse phase, what size does the core shrink down to in milliseconds?
What is the direct consequence when the infalling material slams into the ultra-dense, newly formed neutron core?
What major problem did stellar models show regarding the initial shock wave following core collapse?
If the initial shock wave stalls permanently, what is the likely outcome instead of a supernova explosion?
What is the essential mechanism credited with reviving the stalled shock wave to drive the supernova explosion?
Which stars typically undergo core-collapse supernovae, designated as Type II, Ib, or Ic?
What is the fate of a remnant core whose mass exceeds roughly three solar masses after the supernova?