wind articles
What fraction of the generating wind's velocity do surface currents typically move at?
What is the primary function of the Coriolis effect on ocean currents?
Which two factors primarily control the density of seawater?
What term is used for the slow, deep ocean circulation driven by density differences?
How do gyres rotate in the Northern Hemisphere?
What physical factor modifies and redirects deep, density-driven currents?
What process occurs when deep, cold, nutrient-rich water rises to the surface?
What is the approximate timescale for the deep thermohaline circulation system?
Which currents are described as narrow, fast, and deep, often located at the western boundaries of ocean basins?
In which regions does the densest water generally sink to initiate deep circulation?
What is the theoretical upper bound for energy capture by any wind turbine, known as the Betz Limit?
What causes the fundamental restriction defined by the Betz Limit?
How is the power available in the wind mathematically related to the wind speed (v)?
What metric quantifies the relationship between the speed of the blade tip and the incoming wind speed?
Which aerodynamic issue involves air detaching from the blade surface, causing significant drag and a sharp drop in $C_p$?
What is the typical range for the peak Power Coefficient ($C_p$) achieved by modern, highly efficient wind turbines?
In turbines with gearboxes, what is the primary source of energy loss in the drivetrain section?
What efficiency measure encompasses all limitations—Betz, aerodynamic, mechanical, and resource availability—over an entire year?
How do turbine control systems manage wind speeds exceeding the rated speed?
What significant efficiency reduction is imposed on downwind turbines within a wind farm due to upstream machines?