trophic cascade articles
What distinguishes the effect of a trophic cascade from simple predator-prey dynamics?
What is the primary cause initiating a classic trophic cascade?
In the Yellowstone example, what was the direct result of wolf reintroduction on vegetation?
How do bottom-up controls, like nutrient availability, relate to the scale of a trophic cascade?
What key observation suggests scientists are witnessing a trophic cascade rather than simple dynamics?
In marine ecosystems, what happens when the sea star Pisaster ochraceus is removed?
Which scenario describes the removal of strong top-down control that triggers a cascade?
What characterizes the role of secondary or tertiary consumers in ecosystem structure?
Why might a trophic cascade linked to large terrestrial mammals manifest over decades?