replication articles
What defining characteristic places viruses in a biological gray area?
What essential cellular component is critically absent in a virion, contributing to its dependence?
What vital energy molecule do viruses rely entirely on the host cell to generate?
What is the name for the protective protein shell surrounding the viral genetic material?
What is the core dependency phase during the infection sequence?
Which piece of host equipment is most significant for a virus needing to manufacture its own protein components?
What is the second distinct step in the sequence of viral infection?
According to evolutionary theories, which hypothesis suggests viruses developed alongside cellular life forms?
Why is the mandatory reliance on a host cell considered a successful, energy-saving strategy for viruses?
Where do DNA viruses generally migrate within the host cell to utilize host polymerases for replication?
Which enzyme is the first line of defense against replication mistakes due to its structural selectivity?
Approximately how often does DNA Polymerase incorporate the wrong nucleotide before dedicated repair mechanisms intervene?
What structural feature causes an incorrect base incorporated by DNA Polymerase to be less stable in the active site?
What is the name of the built-in corrective mechanism that acts as an immediate editor during replication?
What action does the $3'$ to $5'$ exonuclease activity perform when it detects an error?
By what factor does the $3'$ to $5'$ exonuclease proofreading step typically improve fidelity over the initial insertion rate?
What is the name of the final safety net system that scans DNA after the replication fork has moved on?
In *E. coli*, how does the Mismatch Repair (MMR) system identify which strand contains the error?
What is the approximate overall error rate achieved after the Mismatch Repair (MMR) system has corrected the remaining mistakes?